The IDA
Open Source
Migration Guidelines
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October 22, 2003
Ref: OSPL/EEC-01.10
© European Communities 2003
The views expressed in this document are purely those of the authors and may not, in any circumstances, be interpreted as stating an official position of the European Commission.
The European Commission does not guarantee the accuracy of the information included in this study, nor it accepts any responsibility for any use thereof.
Reference herein to any specific products, specifications, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favouring by the European Commission.
All care has been taken by the authors to ensure that they has obtained, where necessary, permission to use any parts of manuscripts including illustrations, maps, and graphs, on which intellectual property rights already exist from the titular holder(s) of such rights or from his or their legal representative.
0.3. Trademarked terms
Trademarks have been used in this document for purposes of identification only. The authors acknowledge the ownership of these trademarks.
0.4. Copyright
© European Communities. Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.
0.5. Table of Contents
1. Preface
1.1. Abbreviations and terminology
1.2. Audience
1.3. Authors
1.4. Acknowledgements
2. Introduction
3. Summary
4. Methodology
5. Migration Overview
6. Human Issues
7. Making Life Easy
7.1. Introduce new applications in a familiar environment
7.2. Do the easy things first
7.3. Think Ahead
8. Reference Architecture
8.1. Generic architectures
8.2. Base Reference Architecture
9. Functional Groups
9.1. The Principal Groups
9.1.1. Office
9.1.2. Mail
9.1.3. Calendaring and Groupware
9.1.4. Web Access and Services
9.1.5. Document Management
9.1.6. Database
9.2. The Subsidiary Groups
9.3. General Considerations
10. The Reference Model – Summary.
10.1. The Desktop
10.1.1. Office
10.1.2. Mail
10.1.3. Calendaring and Groupware
10.1.4. Web Access
10.1.5. Document Management
10.1.6. Databases
10.2. The Servers
10.2.1. Mail
10.2.2. Calendaring and Groupware
10.2.3. Web Services
10.2.4. Document Management
10.2.5. Databases
11. Applications – Principal Groups
11.1. Office
11.1.1. OpenOffice.org and StarOffice
11.1.2. Koffice
11.1.3. Gnome Office
11.2. Mail
11.2.1. MTA
11.2.2. Mailstore
11.2.3. MUA
11.2.4. Anti-Virus
11.2.5. Other Tools
11.2.6. Problems Experienced
11.3. Calendaring and Groupware
11.3.1. Personal calendars and agendas
11.3.2. Group calendars
11.3.3. Meeting organisation
11.3.4. PDA synchronisation
11.4. Web services
11.4.1. Browser
11.4.2. Web servers
11.4.3. Portal / Content
11.5. Document management
11.5.1. Registration and retrieval
11.5.2. Collaborative working
11.6. Databases
11.6.1. Central databases – application-based
11.6.2. Personal databases held centrally or locally
11.6.3. Database Connectivity
11.6.4. Performance
12. Applications - Subsidiary Groups
12.1. Operating System
12.2. User Interface
12.2.1. Desktop manager – look and feel
12.2.2. Language
12.3. Security
12.3.1. Data encryption
12.3.1.1. Data in transit
12.3.1.2. Data in storage
12.3.2. Authentication
12.3.3. Authorisation
12.3.4. Virus control
12.3.5. Proxy Server
12.3.6. Firewalls
12.3.7. Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
12.3.7.1. OpenVPN
12.3.7.2. FreeSWAN
12.3.7.3. CIPE
12.4. Management
12.4.1. User management
12.4.2. Configuration management
12.4.2.1. Manual Configuration Maintenance
12.4.2.2. Cfengine
12.4.2.3. System Configurator
12.4.3. Software management
12.4.3.1. System Installation
12.4.3.2. Software Maintenance
12.4.4. Hardware management and system monitoring
12.4.4.1. MRTG and Snmpd
12.4.4.2. Nagios
12.4.4.3. smartd
12.4.5. Printer management
12.4.5.1. LPRng
12.4.5.2. Common Unix Printing System
12.4.5.3. Kprint and GnomePrint
12.5. Backup and recovery
12.5.1. Dump and Restore
12.5.2. Amanda
12.6. Other services
12.6.1. Time Servers
12.6.2. Network infrastructure servers
12.6.2.1. Routing
12.6.2.2. DNS
12.6.2.3. DHCP
12.6.3. File servers
12.6.3.1. NFS
12.6.3.2. Samba
12.6.3.3. Netatalk
12.6.3.4. OpenAFS, CODA and Intermezzo
12.6.4. Directory services
12.6.5. Legacy support
12.6.5.1. Terminal emulation
12.6.5.2. Remote display
12.6.5.3. Emulation
13. Application Migration - Overview
13.1. Proprietary applications which have an OSS equivalent
13.2. Proprietary applications which run in an OSS environment
13.3. Software which may be accessed by remote display
13.4. Software which will run under an emulator
13.4.1. Hardware emulation
13.4.2. Software emulation
13.5. Software which can be recompiled under OSS
14. Scenario 1 – Windows
14.1. Planning the migration
14.2. Domains
14.2.1. Windows “workgroup” model
14.2.2. Windows NT domain
14.2.3. Windows 2000 Active Directory domain
14.3. Overview of possible migration routes
14.4. General issues
14.4.1. Usernames and passwords
14.4.1.1. Username issues
14.4.1.2. Password issues
14.4.2. Authentication services
14.4.3. Files
14.4.3.1. Content and format
14.4.3.2. File names
14.4.3.3. Dual access
14.5. Tools
14.5.1. Samba
14.5.2. OpenLDAP
14.5.3. NSS and PAM
14.5.4. GNU/Linux SMBFS file access
14.5.5. Winbind
14.6. Migrating the operating system environment
14.6.1. Add individual GNU/Linux servers to an existing Windows NT domain
14.6.2. Run GNU/Linux desktops in Windows NT domains
14.6.2.1. Simple setup for small numbers of machines
14.6.2.2. Smarter setup for larger rollouts
14.6.3. Run GNU/Linux desktops in Active Directory domains
14.6.4. Replace Windows NT PDC/BDC with Samba+LDAP
14.6.5. Replace Windows 2000 Active Directory with LDAP
14.6.6. Run parallel GNU/Linux infrastructure and migrate users in groups
14.6.6.1. Replacing all Windows clients with GNU/Linux
14.6.6.2. Keeping some Windows clients
14.7. Migrating server-side applications
14.7.1. Web servers: moving from IIS to Apache
14.7.1.1. Migration issues
14.7.1.2. Migrating a static website
14.7.1.3. A simple WebDAV configuration
14.7.2. Databases: moving from Access and SQL Server to MySQL or PostgreSQL
14.7.2.1. Migrating Access Databases
14.7.2.2. Migrating SQL Server databases
14.7.2.3. Database migration issues
14.7.3. Groupware: moving away from Exchange
14.7.3.1. General issues
14.7.3.2. Mail issues
14.7.3.3. Addressbook issues
14.7.3.4. Calendar issues
14.8. Migrating desktop applications to OSS
14.8.1. Office
14.8.1.1. Document conversion
14.8.1.2. Template conversion
14.8.1.3. Macro conversion
14.8.1.4. Word Processing
14.8.1.5. Publishing
14.8.1.6. Spreadsheets
14.8.1.7. Presentation Graphics
14.8.1.8. Graphics and image manipulation
14.8.1.9. PDF generation
14.8.2. Mail
14.8.3. Calendars and Groupware
14.8.3.1. Calendars
14.8.3.2. Contact management
14.8.4. Web Browsing
14.8.5. Personal Databases
14.9. Migrating print services to OSS
14.9.1. The Windows print model
14.9.2. The Unix and GNU/Linux print model
14.9.3. Setting up an OSS-based printing service
14.9.4. Printing from Windows clients to GNU/Linux-attached printers
14.9.4.1. Using the lpr protocol
14.9.4.2. Using printer shares
14.9.4.3. Using Point and Print configuration
14.9.5. Printing migration schemes
14.9.6. Potential Problems
14.9.7. Further information on printing
14.10. Legacy applications
14.11. Virus protection
14.12. References
15. Scenario 2 – Unix
16. Scenario 3 – Mainframe
17. Scenario 4 – Thin client
A. Publicly Available Case Studies
B. Wine
C. Mail Systems
D. Desktop Reference Software
E. Server Reference Software
F. Desktop Installation Code
G. Glossary